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The functions of silence

The functions of silence,10.1016/j.pragma.2008.03.009,Journal of Pragmatics,Michal Ephratt

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The functions of silence   (Citations: 7)
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The roles of eloquent silence in each of the six functions of language in Roman Jakobson's communicative model (1960) are considered. First, pause, being outside language, is differentiated from (eloquent) silence, a means chosen by the speaker for significant verbal communication alongside speech; it is not the listener's silence nor the silencing of the speaker. Linguistic and non-linguistic contributions to the study of eloquent silence are then briefly reviewed. Next, the roles of eloquent silence in Jakobson's model are analyzed. (Eloquent) silence, as a linguistic sign, conveys information in the referential function (zero-sign and passive constructions); it is an iconic affective way of expressing emotions (e.g., emptiness, intimacy) in the emotive function. In respect of the conative function, (eloquent) silence performs direct and indirect speech acts. Caesura, metaphors and ellipses are just a few examples of poetic silence. Silence is a means of maintaining contact and alliance in the phatic function. The various roles of silence in the metalinguistic function range from its being a discourse marker to reflecting the ‘right to silence’.
Journal: Journal of Pragmatics - J PRAGMATICS , vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1909-1938, 2008
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    • ...The role of silence in the metalinguistic function is a discourse marker (Ephratt 2008)...

    Krishna Bista. Silence in Teaching and Learning: Perspectives of a Nepalese Graduate ...

    • ...Their work lays the foundation for all subsequent scholars (see Ephratt 2008; Goldstein 1987; Jaworski 1992; Nesti 1992)...

    Mompoloki Mmangaka Bagwasi. Perceptions, contexts, uses and meanings of silence in Setswana

    • ...Similarly, at times scholars have set silence in opposition to speech, treating speech as fostering communication, and silence as absence, non-expression, and/or lack of power (Ephratt 2008; Latour 1988 [1984])...

    Dana Fennell. Explorations of silence in the religious rituals of Buddhists and Quak...

    • ...Silence has traditionally been associated with a “void”: lack of communication, lack of rapport andinvolvement, absence ofcooperation (interms ofsocialgoalsharing), “absence of speech, and absence of meaning and intention” (Ephratt 2008: 1910)...
    • ...Ephratt (2008) examines the role of “eloquent silence” in discourse and finds that it suits Jakobson’sfivefunctionsoflanguage:itmayconvey information,expressemotions, perform speech acts, fulfill the poetic function, and be a means of maintaining contact and alliance...
    • ...Eloquent silence is employed by the speaker to communicate a message and can appear in such circumstances as religious ceremonies, “moments of silence”, substituting taboo words, following rhetorical questions, terminating conversations, opting out of conversations; or can take the form of “the unsaid”: empty speech, metaphor, euphemism, substituting A for B, allusion (Ephratt 2008 :1 912)...
    • ...Ephratt (2008: 1916) discusses the emotive function of eloquent silence: “[e]ven though ‘I’ (‘me’) changes from one speaker to another, pragmatically speaking, it is always unequivocal, referring to the ‘I’ who speaks (except in cases of fictive speech, such as quoting in general and actors on stage in particular ...)”...

    Joanna Bobin. “ When We Talk, It Never Materializes ”: Functions of Off-Record Commu...

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