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A dynamical theory of speciation on holey adaptive landscapes
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A dynamical theory of speciation on holey adaptive landscapes   (Citations: 76)
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The metaphor of holey adaptive landscapes provides a pictorial representation of the process of speciation as a consequence of genetic divergence. In this metaphor, biological populations diverge along connected clusters of well-fit genotypes in a multidimensional adaptive landscape and become reproductively isolated species when they come to be on opposite sides of a ``hole'' in the adaptive landscape. No crossing of any adaptive valleys is required. I formulate and study a series of simple models describing the dynamics of speciation on holey adaptive landscapes driven by mutation and random genetic drift. Unlike most previous models that concentrate only on some stages of speciation, the models studied here describe the complete process of speciation from initiation until completion. The evolutionary factors included are selection (reproductive isolation), random genetic drift, mutation, recombination, and migration. In these models, pre- and post-mating reproductive isolation is a consequence of cumulative genetic change. I study possibilities for speciation according to allopatric, parapatric, peripatric and vicariance scenarios. The analytic theory satisfactorily matches results of individual-based simulations reported by Gavrilets et al. (1998). It is demonstrated that rapid speciation including simultaneous emergence of several new species is a plausible outcome of the evolutionary dynamics of subdivided populations. I consider effects of population size, population subdivision, and local adaptation on the dynamics of speciation. I briefly discuss some implications of the dynamics on holey adaptive landscapes for molecular evolution.
Published in 1998.
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    • ...Then again, recently Gavrilets (1999) has remarked that in evolutionary biology models should be thought of as playing the part of useful metaphors, rather than of providing specific predictions...

    Massimo Pigliucci. What, if Anything, Is an Evolutionary Novelty?

    • ...For reasons of simplicity, we assume the latter to have replication rate 0. This assumption is quite common in the literature (Gavrilets, 1997, 1999; van Nimwegen et al., 1999a)...

    Claus O. Wilke. Adaptive evolution on neutral networks

    • ...Such selection on multilocus genotypes could rapidly create the holes in the fitness landscape envisaged by recent models of speciation (Gavrilets, 1999)...

    J. R. B RIDLE, et al. Assortative mating and the genic view of speciation

    • ...It has recently been theoretically shown that rapid parapatric speciation is possible even without selection for local adaptation if there are many loci a¡ecting reproductive isolation and mutation is not too small relative to migration (Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...Recently, new approaches describing the whole process of speciation from origination to completion have been developed and applied to allopatric (Orr 1995; Gavrilets & Hastings 1996; Orr & Orr 1996; Gavrilets & Boake 1998; Gavrilets 1999; Johnson & Porter 2000), parapatric (Gavrilets 1999; Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Johnson et al. 2000) and sympatric (e.g...
    • ...Recently, new approaches describing the whole process of speciation from origination to completion have been developed and applied to allopatric (Orr 1995; Gavrilets & Hastings 1996; Orr & Orr 1996; Gavrilets & Boake 1998; Gavrilets 1999; Johnson & Porter 2000), parapatric (Gavrilets 1999; Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Johnson et al. 2000) and sympatric (e.g...
    • ...This simple model is appropriate for a variety of isolating barriers including pre-mating, post-mating pre-zygotic and postzygotic (Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a,b; Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...I will allow the loci responsible for reproductive isolation to have pleiotropic e¡ects on the degree of adaptation to the local environment (Gavrilets 1999; cf. Slatkin 1981; Rice 1984; Rice & Salt 1988)...
    • ...(Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a,b; Gavrilets 1999; cf. Higgs & Derrida 1992)...
    • ...Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...Our results provide an a¤rmative answer to this question (see also Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...However, the overall proportion of incompatible mating pairs within the population is not expected to be large (e.g.Wills 1977; Nei et al. 1983; Gavrilets 1999).) Intuitively, one might expect that increasing within-population variation would substantially increase the rate of substitutions by random genetic drift and make speciation easier...
    • ...However, in polymorphic populations the alleles a¡ecting the degree of reproductive isolation cannot be treated as neutral because they are weakly selected against than rare (Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...

    Sergey Gavrilets. Waiting time to parapatric speciation

    • ...Recently, it has been shown theoretically that rapid parapatric speciation is possible even without selection for local adaptation if there are many loci affecting reproductive isolation and mutation is not too small relative to migration (Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...Recently new approaches describing the whole process of speciation from origination to completion have been developed and applied to allopatric (Orr 1995; Orr & Orr 1996; Gavrilets & Hastings 1996; Gavrilets & Boake 1998; Gavrilets 1999), parapatric (Gavrilets 1999; Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a) and sympatric (e.g...
    • ...Recently new approaches describing the whole process of speciation from origination to completion have been developed and applied to allopatric (Orr 1995; Orr & Orr 1996; Gavrilets & Hastings 1996; Gavrilets & Boake 1998; Gavrilets 1999), parapatric (Gavrilets 1999; Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a) and sympatric (e.g...
    • ...This simple model is appropriate for a variety of isolating barriers including premating, postmating prezygotic, and postzygotic (Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000ab, Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...I will allow the loci responsible for reproductive isolation to have pleiotropic effects on the degree of adaptation to the local environment (Gavrilets 1999; cf. Slatkin 1981; Rice 1984; Rice & Salt 1988)...
    • ...Orr 1985; Orr & Orr 1996; Gavrilets 1999, pp. 6-8)...
    • ...(Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000ab; Gavrilets 1999, cf. Higgs and Derrida 1992)...
    • ...This function implies that immigrants have absolutely no problems mating with the residents unless the genetic distance Db exceeds K. I start with the worst-case scenario for speciation when not only immigrants can easily mate with residents but also selection for local adaptation is absent (cf., Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...Our results provide an affirmative answer to this question (see also Gavriletset al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...
    • ...Gavrilets 1999).] Intuitively, one might expect that increasing within-population variation would substantially increase the rate of substitutions by random genetic drift and make speciation easier...
    • ...However, in polymorphic populations the alleles affecting the degree of reproductive isolation cannot be treated as neutral because they are weakly selected against than rare (Gavrilets et al. 1998, 2000a; Gavrilets 1999)...

    Sergey Gavrilets. Waiting time to (and duration of) parapatric speciation

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