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RST-invariant digital image watermarking based on log-polar mapping and phase correlation

RST-invariant digital image watermarking based on log-polar mapping and phase correlation,10.1109/TCSVT.2003.815959,IEEE Transactions on Circuits and

RST-invariant digital image watermarking based on log-polar mapping and phase correlation   (Citations: 65)
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Based on log-polar mapping and phase correla- tion, this paper presents a novel digital image watermarking scheme that is invariant to rotation, scaling, and translation (RST). We embed watermark in the log-polar mappings of Fourier magnitude spectrum of original image, and use the phase correlation between the LPM of the original image and the LPM of the watermarked image to calculate the displacement of watermark positions in LPM domain. The scheme preserves the image quality by avoiding computing inverse log-polar mapping (ILPM), and produces smaller correlation coefficient for unwatermarked images by using phase correlation to avoid exhaustive search. The evalua- tions demonstrate that the scheme is invariant to rotation and translation, invariant to scaling when the scale is in a reasonable range, and very robust to JPEG compression.
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology - TCSV , vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 753-765, 2003
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    • ...Based on log polar mapping (LPM) and phase correlation, Zheng et al. [19] proposed an image watermarking technique which embeds the watermark into the LPMs of the image Fourier magnitude spectrum...

    Mohammad Ali Akhaeeet al. Blind Image Watermarking Using a Sample Projection Approach

    • ...In [7, 8], and [9], watermarking was conducted in the magnitude part of FM domain to achieve affine invariance...

    Xinbo GaoChenget al. Local Feature Based Geometric-Resistant Image Information Hiding

    • ...During the last two decades, numerous watermarking methods have been proposed that show robustness against common signal processing such as: JPEG compression and filtering etc., however relatively few of these methods addressed the robustness to the geometric distortions [1-11]...
    • ...In the second one, the watermark signal is embedded in a geometrically invariant domain, such as Log Polar Mapping, Fourier-Mellin Transform domain, etc [2], [3]...

    Wei Naet al. Robust Image Watermarking Using Feature Points and Image Normalization

    • ...Lin et al. [3] and Zheng et al. [6]‐[8] provided a very good survey of RSTC resilient watermarking...
    • ...1) Invariant Watermark Embedding: The first approach hides a watermark signal in the geometric invariant domain of a host signal [3], [6], [14], [15]...
    • ...Zheng et al. [6] proposed to use ILPM to get the exact corresponding embedding positions in the Cartesian system and embed each watermark bit in the four neighboring points around the exact position...
    • ...These approaches [3], [6], [15] are based on performing ILPM on the watermark signal or its index in embedding; to be more specific, sample points of the watermark in the log-polar system are inversely log-polar mapped to sample points in the Cartesian system...
    • ...Some previous works, e.g., [6] and [15], achieve that by carefully choosing the limited embedding position, at the cost of reduced embedding space...
    • ...The very limited cardinality of the watermark is believed to be one of the major limiting factors to the performance of the existing watermarking schemes [3], [6], [15]...
    • ...That is probably why the exhaustive search-based resynchronization method or nonblind resynchronization method has been adopted in the watermark detection in [3], [6], and [15]...
    • ...The magnitude of the Fourier spectrum has the following property [3], [6], [14]:...
    • ...Zheng et al. [6] proposed to use phaseonly cross correlation between the Fourier LPM of the original image and the Fourier LPM of the watermarked image to resynchronize the watermark in the LPM domain, and demonstrated that it is efficient and effective for nonblind resynchronization.Weextendtheirworkandthepreviousworks[34]‐[36] to the blind synchronization problem we have here, and propose the following customized phase correlation method ...
    • ...where is the phase of . It is noted that the customized phase correlation method in (10) is different from the phase-only cross correlation used in [6]...
    • ...correlation ; 2) the customized phase cross correlation ; 3) the phase-only cross correlation, which is used in [6], i.e., . The customized phase cross correlation gives the best hidden data extraction results among the above three methods...

    Xiangui Kanget al. Efficient general print-scanning resilient data hiding based on unifor...

    • ...To further evaluate the performance of the proposed feature, we compare the proposed algorithm with other two typical methods, Seo’s scheme [11] and Fourier-Mellin-transformbased scheme [12]...
    • ...In [12], the log-polar mapping (LPM) is performed on the magnitude of Fourier spectrum of the image, and then the magnitude of Fourier spectrum of the LPM is only invariant to translation...
    • ...Because the authors in [12] adopted the normalized correlation detection method, the Fourier-Mellin spectrum scaled by a factor is not caused the scaling problem...

    Yuan-Gen Wanget al. An image copy detection scheme based on radon transform

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