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Reference ranges for urinary concentrations and ratios of endogenous steroids, which can be used as markers for steroid misuse, in a Caucasian population of athletes

Reference ranges for urinary concentrations and ratios of endogenous steroids, which can be used as markers for steroid misuse, in a Caucasian populat

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Reference ranges for urinary concentrations and ratios of endogenous steroids, which can be used as markers for steroid misuse, in a Caucasian population of athletes (Citations: 5)


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The detection of misuse with naturally occuring steroids is a great challenge for doping control laboratories. Intake of natural anabolic steroids alters the steroid profile. Thus, screening for exogenous use of these steroids can be established by monitoring a range of endogenous steroids, which constitute the steroid profile, and evaluate their concentrations and ratios against reference ranges. Elevated values of the steroid profile constitute an atypical finding after which a confirmatory IRMS procedure is needed to unequivocally establish the exogenous origin of a natural steroid. However, the large inter-individual differences in urinary steroid concentrations and the recent availability of a whole range of natural steroids (e.g. dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione) which each exert a different effect on the monitored parameters in doping control complicate the interpretation of the current steroid profile.The screening of an extended steroid profile can provide additional parameters to support the atypical findings and can give specific information upon the steroids which have been administered.The natural concentrations of 29 endogenous steroids and 11 ratios in a predominantly Caucasian population of athletes were determined. The upper reference values at 97.5%, 99% and 99.9% levels were assessed for male (n=2027) and female (n=1004) populations. Monitoring minor metabolites and evaluation of concentration ratios with respect to their natural abundances could improve the interpretation of the steroid profile in doping analysis.

Journal: Steroids , vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 154-163, 2010

DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.11.008

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Citation Context (1)

- ...Furthermore, the use of a single SG correction factor for both males and females is standard practice in the analogous field of human sports drug testing, even where separate concentration thresholds for the different sexes are involved [29]...
Adam ClarkeJames, et al. Detection of Nandrolone and Boldenone Abuse in the Ovine by GC–MS–MS

Improved method of detection of testosterone abuse by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of urinary steroids (Citations: 53)

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Journal: Journal of Mass Spectrometry - J MASS SPECTROMETRY , vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 169-176, 1996

Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry analysis of urinary steroids to detect misuse of testosterone in sport (Citations: 46)

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Journal: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry - RAPID COMMUN MASS SPECTROM , vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 304-308, 1994

Detection of testosterone misuse: comparison of two chromatographic sample preparation methods for gas chromatographic-combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis (Citations: 21)

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Journal: Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications , vol. 687, no. 1, pp. 43-53, 1996

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Citations (5)

Endogenous steroid profiling by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate statistics for the detection of natural hormone abuse in cattle

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Journal: Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A , vol. ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p, pp. 1-16, 2012

Population based evaluation of a multi-parametric steroid profiling on administered endogenous steroids in single low dose (Citations: 1)

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Journal: Steroids , vol. 75, no. 13, pp. 1047-1057, 2010

Keywords (5)

Reference ranges for urinary concentrations and ratios of endogenous steroids, which can be used as markers for steroid misuse, in a Caucasian populat

Citation Context (1)

Adam ClarkeJames, et al. Detection of Nandrolone and Boldenone Abuse in the Ovine by GC–MS–MS

References (37)

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives (Citations: 36)

Testing for natural and synthetic anabolic agents in human urine (Citations: 60)

Improved method of detection of testosterone abuse by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of urinary steroids (Citations: 53)

Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry analysis of urinary steroids to detect misuse of testosterone in sport (Citations: 46)

Detection of testosterone misuse: comparison of two chromatographic sample preparation methods for gas chromatographic-combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis (Citations: 21)

Citations (5)

Endogenous steroid profiling by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate statistics for the detection of natural hormone abuse in cattle

Detection of Nandrolone and Boldenone Abuse in the Ovine by GC–MS–MS

Interface behavior of compressible navier-stokes equations with discontinuous boundary conditions and vacum

TiO 2 thin film encapsulated ZnO nanorod and nanoflower dye sensitized solar cells

Population based evaluation of a multi-parametric steroid profiling on administered endogenous steroids in single low dose (Citations: 1)


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