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An integrated approach to cryptographic mitigation of denial-of-service attacks
An integrated approach to cryptographic mitigation of denial-of-service attacks   (Citations: 1)
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Gradual authentication is a principle proposed by Meadows as a way to tackle denial-of-service attacks on network protocols by gradually increasing the confidence in clients before the server commits resources. In this paper, we propose an efficient method that allows a defending server to authenticate its clients gradually with the help of some fast-to-verify measures. Our method integrates hash-based client puzzles along with a special class of digital signatures supporting fast verification. Our hash-based client puzzle provides finer granularity of difficulty and is proven secure in the puzzle difficulty model of Chen et al. (2009). We integrate this with the fast-verification digital signature scheme proposed by Bernstein (2000, 2008). These schemes can be up to 20 times faster for client authentication compared to RSA-based schemes. Our experimental results show that, in the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, fast verification digital signatures can provide a 7% increase in connections per second compared to RSA signatures, and our integration of client puzzles with client authentication imposes no performance penalty on the server since puzzle verification is a part of signature verification.
Published in 2011.
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    • ...Client puzzles were first proposed by Dwork and Naor [12] to control junk email by having recipients only accept emails if they were accompanied by a correct puzzle solution, and have since been extended to protect cryptographic protocols such as authentication [13], [14] and key exchange [15], [16] protocols, as well as network protocols such as TCP [17] and TLS [18], [19]...

    Suriadi Suriadiet al. Defending Web Services against Denial of Service Attacks Using Client ...

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