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Conversion Efficiency
Data Center
Energy Conservation
High Performance
Load Sharing
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The PowerNap Server Architecture
The PowerNap Server Architecture,10.1145/1925109.1925112,ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,David Meisner,Brian T. Gold,Thomas F. Wenisch
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The PowerNap Server Architecture
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David Meisner
,
Brian T. Gold
,
Thomas F. Wenisch
Data center
power consumption
is growing to unprecedented levels: the EPA estimates U.S. data centers will consume 100 billion kilowatt hours annually by 2011. Much of this energy is wasted in idle systems: in typical deployments, server utilization is below 30%, but idle servers still consume 60% of their
peak power
draw. Typical idle periods---though frequent---last seconds or less, confounding simple energy-conservation approaches. In this article, we propose PowerNap, an energy-conservation approach where the entire system transitions rapidly between a high-performance active state and a near-zero-power idle state in response to instantaneous load. Rather than requiring fine-grained power-performance states and complex load-proportional operation from individual system components, PowerNap instead calls for minimizing idle power and transition time, which are simpler optimization goals. Based on the PowerNap concept, we develop requirements and outline mechanisms to eliminate idle power waste in enterprise blade servers. Because PowerNap operates in low-efficiency regions of current blade center power supplies, we introduce the Redundant Array for Inexpensive
Load Sharing
(RAILS), a power provisioning approach that provides high
conversion efficiency
across the entire range of PowerNap’s power demands. Using utilization traces collected from enterprise-scale commercial deployments, we demonstrate that, together, PowerNap and RAILS reduce average server
power consumption
by 74%.
Journal:
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems - TOCS
, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1-24, 2011
DOI:
10.1145/1925109.1925112
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References
(11)
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(
Citations: 1
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Ripal Nathuji
,
Mrinmoy Ghosh
,
Karsten Schwan
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Hsien-Hsin S. Lee
Web Search for a Planet: The Google Cluster Architecture
(
Citations: 293
)
Luiz André Barroso
,
Jeffrey Dean
,
Urs Hölzle
Journal:
IEEE Micro - MICRO
, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 22-28, 2003
The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing
(
Citations: 191
)
Luiz André Barroso
,
Urs Hölzle
Journal:
IEEE Computer - COMPUTER
, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 33-37, 2007
Cool Job Allocation: Measuring the Power Savings of Placing Jobs at Cooling-Efficient Locations in the Data Center
(
Citations: 23
)
Cullen Bash
,
George Forman
Conference:
USENIX Technical Conference - USENIX
, pp. 363-368, 2007
Energy Conservation Policies for Web Servers
(
Citations: 115
)
E. N. Elnozahy
,
Michael Kistler
,
Ramakrishnan Rajamony
Conference:
USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - USITS
, 2003