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Monitoring landscape metrics by point sampling: accuracy in estimating Shannon’s diversity and edge density

Monitoring landscape metrics by point sampling: accuracy in estimating Shannon’s diversity and edge density,10.1007/s10661-009-0902-0,Environmental Mo

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Monitoring landscape metrics by point sampling: accuracy in estimating Shannon’s diversity and edge density   (Citations: 2)
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Environmental monitoring of landscapes is of increasing interest. To quantify landscape patterns, a number of metrics are used, of which Shannon’s diversity, edge length, and density are studied here. As an alternative to complete mapping, point sampling was applied to estimate the metrics for already mapped landscapes selected from the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden (NILS). Monte-Carlo simulation was applied to study the performance of different designs. Random and systematic samplings were applied for four sample sizes and five buffer widths. The latter feature was relevant for edge length, since length was estimated through the number of points falling in buffer areas around edges. In addition, two landscape complexities were tested by applying two classification schemes with seven or 20 land cover classes to the NILS data. As expected, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimators decreased with increasing sample size. The estimators of both metrics were slightly biased, but the bias of Shannon’s diversity estimator was shown to decrease when sample size increased. In the edge length case, an increasing buffer width resulted in larger bias due to the increased impact of boundary conditions; this effect was shown to be independent of sample size. However, we also developed adjusted estimators that eliminate the bias of the edge length estimator. The rates of decrease of RMSE with increasing sample size and buffer width were quantified by a regression model. Finally, indicative cost–accuracy relationships were derived showing that point sampling could be a competitive alternative to complete wall-to-wall mapping.
Journal: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment - ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS , vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 403-421, 2010
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    • ...For instance, plot, line, and point sampling have been applied by Hunsaker et al. (1994), Corona et al. (2004) and Ramezani et al. (2009)...
    • ...Monte Carlo sampling simulation has been used by several authors to study the statistical performance of estimators (Hazard and Pickford 1986; Ståhl 1998; Kleinn and Vilcko 2006; Ramezani et al. 2009)...
    • ...Furthermore, the efficiency of a sampling design should be evaluated in relation to costs and accuracy, as done for example by Ståhl (1998), Corona et al. (2004), Esseen et al. (2006), and Ramezani et al. (2009)...
    • ...Point sampling (dot grid) was applied by Ramezani et al. (2009) for estimating Shannon diversity and edge length metrics, where the area of a buffer generated around polygon borders was used for estimating edge length...

    Habib Ramezani, et al. Sample based estimation of landscape metrics; accuracy of line interse...

    • ...Due to rapid and global changes in environment, there is a need for environmental monitoring and assessment at broad scales, including landscape level[2, 3]. Because of the fundamental interaction relationships between landscape structure and ecological processed, objectively quantifying spatial landscape structure remains an important aspect of landscape ecology[4, 5]. Quantifying the landscape pattern is the important scheme in ...

    Jicai Ning, et al. Land use change and ecological environment evolution in Taihu Lake Bas...

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