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Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis)

Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis),10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00145-2,Food and Chemical Toxicology,G. A. Burdock

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Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis)   (Citations: 189)
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Propolis is a multifunctional material used by bees in the construction and maintenance of their hives. Use of propolis by humans has a long history, predated only by the discovery of honey. Use of products containing propolis have resulted in extensive dermal contact and it is now increasingly being used a dietary supplement. Unlike many ‘natural’ remedies, there is a substantive database on the biological activity and toxicity of propolis indicating it may have many antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral and antitumour properties, among other attributes. Although reports of allergic reactions are not uncommon, propolis is relatively non-toxic, with a no-effect level (NOEL) in a 90-mouse study of 1400mg/kg body weight/day
Journal: Food and Chemical Toxicology - FOOD CHEM TOXICOL , vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 347-363, 1998
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    • ...Although volatiles represent only 10% on the overall propolis composition, they play an important role in propolis aroma and biological properties (Burdock, 1998)...

    Maria G. Miguel, et al. Propolis volatiles characterisation from acaricide-treated and -untrea...

    • ...This product is used to protect the hive entrance, to line the internal walls and to keep the internal environment aseptic, due to its proven aseptic and antimicrobial activities (Burdock, 1998; Salatino, Teixeira, Negri, & Message, 2005)...

    M. J. A. M. Araújo, et al. Pharmacognostic and acute toxicological evaluation of Scaptotrigona af...

    • ...Wounds treated with 2.5 mg GSPE daily had greater wound contraction and closure after 5 days as measured by digital imaging compared to placebo-treated controls at all time points from day 1 to day 11 after injury. Histological analysis of GSPE-treated wounds showed increased formation of epidermis and granulation tissue with better structural organization compared to control (nontreated) wounds on the same mouse. Wound edge tissue of GSPE-treated wounds had greater VEGF protein staining, and the study investigators deduced that the GSPE likely mediates VEGF expression. Proanthocyanidins remain yet to be investigated in human wound healing studies, though the positive effects shown in animal models are encouraging. PropolisPropolis is collected from the hives of honeybees and is a resinous material that honeybees use as a sealant, antibacterial and antifungal [...

    S. D. Fitzmaurice, et al. Antioxidant Therapies for Wound Healing: A Clinical Guide to Currently...

    • ...In the last years, this product has been the subject of intensive studies, highlighting its biological and pharmacological properties, such as the antimicrobial [3], antioxidative, antihepatotoxic [4], antitumoral, antiinflammatory [5], anti-HIV-1 [6], antineurodegenerative [7], and antituberculosis [8]...

    Soraia I. Falcão, et al. Phenolic characterization of Northeast Portuguese propolis: usual and ...

    • ...Propolis has been used in folk medicine for many years and is reported to have various biological activities, such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties (Burdock, 1998)...

    Shigenori Kumazawa, et al. Radical-scavenging activity and phenolic constituents of propolis from...

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