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An Explanation for Unexpected 802.11 Outdoor Link-level Measurement Results

An Explanation for Unexpected 802.11 Outdoor Link-level Measurement Results,10.1109/INFOCOM.2008.313,Domenico Giustiniano,Giuseppe Bianchi,Luca Scalia

An Explanation for Unexpected 802.11 Outdoor Link-level Measurement Results   (Citations: 9)
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This paper provides experimental evidence that "weird'/poor outdoor link-level performance measurements may be caused by driver/card-specific antenna diversity algorithms unexpectedly supported/activated at the WLAN transmitter side. We focus our analysis on the Atheros/MADWiFi card/driver case, and we observe that the transmit antenna diversity mechanisms remain by default enabled when the available antennas are not homogeneous in terms of gain or, even worse, when only a single antenna is connected. This may cause considerable performance impairments (large frame loss ratio), in conditions frequently encountered in outdoor link deployments. The negative impact of transmit antenna diversity is not limited to the transmission of broadcast frames (where a cyclic shift between the "two" assumed antennas is performed), but under certain circumstances it can severely affect the delivery of unicast frames as well, and despite the fact that in this case the ACK receptions may provide a feedback about the best receiving antenna. While, as obvious, driver developers are expectedly fully aware of the existence of such mechanisms, we believe that the scientific research community has very limited awareness of the implications these mechanisms have on the measured link-level performance. Indeed, to the best of our knowledge, ours is the first research paper which explicitly raises this issue.
Conference: IEEE INFOCOM - INFOCOM , pp. 2432-2440, 2008
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    • ...For this reason a channel model for Vanets should specifically suite their target frequency range and propagation environment (as well as any possible effects involved by the receiver [5])...

    Riccardo Scopignoet al. Signal Shadowing in Simulation of Urban Vehicular Communications

    • ...Bianchi et al. [23] and Giustiniano et al. [24] report on extensive validation experiments that clearly demonstrate that cards from many vendors fail to implement the protocol correctly...

    Kaidi Huanget al. On the validity of IEEE 802.11 MAC modeling hypotheses

    • ...These results, that constit ute part of the main contributions of the paper, adds to the growing evidence of deviations from expected behavior of off-the-shelf 802.11 devices (e.g., [18], [29], [30])...

    Pablo Serranoet al. FloorNet: Deployment and Evaluation of a Multihop Wireless 802.11 Test...

    • ...Authors have proposed the use of statistical tools to improve radio resource measurements from 802.11k reports [4] and have warned of the risks of proprietary chipset algorithms [5] that may introduce significant bias to the measurement resul ts. However, little attention has been given to the performance of COTS (common off-the-shelf) passive monitoring devices, widely available and used in measurement-based work (such as Atheros ...
    • ... the use of statistical tools to improve radio resource measurements from 802.11k reports [4] and have warned of the risks of proprietary chipset algorithms [5] that may introduce significant bias to the measurement resul ts. However, little attention has been given to the performance of COTS (common off-the-shelf) passive monitoring devices, widely available and used in measurement-based work (such as Atheros chipset-based cards [5] or ...

    Pablo Serranoet al. Assessing the Fidelity of COTS 802.11 Sniffers

    • ...Giustiniano, et al. offer an explanation in [8] and a companion paper [9], of one of the factors contributing to the poor outdoor performance by many of today's 802.11 multiband (a/g) wireless LAN cards...
    • ...(Details as to the percentage of time spent using each antenna under broadcast and unicast conditions can be found in [8].) This method of operation is usually acceptable for indoor environments involving comparatively short distances (i.e...
    • ...In the part of our test route where more multipath interference was present, we saw results that could be expected based on the work of Alexander, et al. [2], Matolak [3], Cheng, et al. [4], and Giustiniano, et al. [8]...

    Loren E. Riblettet al. Findings on the suitability of 802.11 for highly mobile broadband netw...

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