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Comparison between 1D transient elastography and Supersonic Shear Imaging technique: Application to the arterial wall elasticity assessment

Comparison between 1D transient elastography and Supersonic Shear Imaging technique: Application to the arterial wall elasticity assessment,10.1109/UL

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Comparison between 1D transient elastography and Supersonic Shear Imaging technique: Application to the arterial wall elasticity assessment  
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Early detection of biomechanical modifications in the arterial wall could be used as a predictor factor for various diseases, for example hypertension or atherosclerosis. In this work 1D transient elastography (TE) technique and Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) technique are used for the evaluation of the shear wave speed on a phantom consisting in 2.5 mm thickness viscoelastic layer and an arterial phantom embedded in gel. In the TE technique the polarization of the shear wave is parallel to its propagation and the true shear wave speed is retrieved. In that case the dispersion is mainly due to viscosity (Voigt's model). Regarding the SSI technique, the dispersion is due to the layer thickness being of the order of the shear wavelength: thus the shear wave is guided as a Lamb wave. In that case a model is needed in order to retrieve the shear wave speed from the dispersion curve. Finally through both techniques similar shear wave speed estimations are obtained. Modifications on the biomechanical properties of the arterial wall can be associated to various diseases, for example hypertension or atherosclerosis. The early detection of these modifications could be used as a predictor factor for these pathologies. During the last years several ultrasonic methods have been developed in order to evaluate the different mechanical parameters that characterize the arterial wall: Pulse Wave Velocity (1), Phased-Tracking Method (2), Intra Vascular Ultra Sound (3), Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) (4). In this work we propose to use a new non invasive technique in order to determine arterial elasticity based on one dimensional transient elastography and compare it with a 2D technique, the Supersonic Shear Imaging technique. One dimensional Transient Elastography (TE) (5) has shown to be a very efficient way to determine non-invasive the mechanical parameters of living tissue as liver (6), skin (7) or coagulating blood (8). On previous works (9), (10) the feasibility of applying 1D TE to quantify the elasticity of arterial phantoms under pulsatile pressure and flow conditions has been demonstrated. TE consists in generating shear waves inside the volume of the sample by using a low frequency vibrator as an external source of shear waves. Through cross correlating ultrasonic data, the acoustic displacement field along the ultrasound beam is computed as function of time and depth. Studying the phase variation of the generated shear wave as a function of depth, a local estimation of the shear wave speed (cT) is obtained, allowing to retrieve shear elasticity (µ) of the medium through the well known relationship: µ = ρcT² (ρ being the density). On the other hand, the SSI technique consists in generating shear waves inside the arterial wall using the radiation force of an ultrasonic beam. The shear wave propagation is tracked using an ultrasonic ultrafast scanner, retrieving the shear wave speed in each pixel of the image. In the specific case of arterial wall, the shear wavelength is of the order of the arterial wall thickness involving guided propagation of the shear wave. Thus the shear wave propagation is related to the Lamb wave theory of guided waves, by fitting an empirical model based on Lamb wave propagation the shear wave speed can be retrieved from the dispersion curve (4). In this work TE and SSI techniques will be used to measure the shear wave speed on a 2.5 mm viscoelastic layer of different elasticity and in an arterial mimicking phantom embedded in gel. The obtained results through both will be discussed and compared.
Conference: Ultrasonics, IEEE Symposium - IUS , pp. 1336-1339, 2010
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