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Applied reproductive technologies and genetic resource banking for amphibian conservation

Applied reproductive technologies and genetic resource banking for amphibian conservation,10.1071/RD09038,Reproduction Fertility and Development,Andre

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Applied reproductive technologies and genetic resource banking for amphibian conservation   (Citations: 9)
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Abstract. As amphibian populations continue to decline, both government and non-government organisations are estab- lishing captive assurance colonies to secure populations deemed at risk of extinction if left in the wild. For the most part, little is known about the nutritional ecology, reproductive biology or husbandry needs of the animals placed into captive breeding programs. Because of this lack of knowledge, conservation biologists are currently facing the difficult task of maintaining,and reproducing,these species. Academic,and zoo scientists are beginning,to examine,different technologies for maintaining,the genetic diversity of founder populations,brought,out of the wild before the animals,become,extinct from rapidly spreading,epizootic diseases. One such technology,is genetic resource banking,and applied reproductive technologies for species that are difficult to reproduce,reliably in captivity. Significant advances,have been made,in the last decade,for amphibian,assisted reproduction,including the use of exogenous,hormones,for induction of spermiation and ovulation, in vitro fertilisation, short-term cold storage of gametes and long-term cryopreservation of spermatozoa. These scientific breakthroughs,for a select few species will no doubt serve as models,for future assisted breeding protocols and the increasing number of amphibians requiring conservation intervention. However, the development of specialised assisted breeding protocols that can be applied to many,different families of amphibians,will likely require species-specific modifications,considering their wide range of reproductive modes. The purpose of this review is to summarise,the current state of knowledge,in the area of assisted reproduction technologies and gene banking,for the conservation,of amphibians. Additional keywords: anuran, cryopreservation, frog, in vitro fertilisation, ovulation, reproduction, spermatozoa, toad.
Journal: Reproduction Fertility and Development - REPROD FERT DEVELOP , vol. 21, no. 6, 2009
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    • ...Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), including the hormonal induction of sperm-release (spermiation), oocyte-release (ovulation) and in-vitro fertilisation, have enormous potential to assist the propagation of the worlds declining amphibian species [1,2]...

    Aimee J Silla. Effect of priming injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ...

    • ...Currently, numerous captive breeding programs directly address the problem of the amphibian decline but significant challenges still remain [10,11]...

    Vance L Trudeau, et al. Hormonal induction of spawning in 4 species of frogs by coinjection wi...

    • ...This method has been widely used because of the ease and reliability at which high concentrations of spermatozoa can be obtained, but research in reproductive biology is now favouring the use of non-invasive techniques that can be applied to live individuals [4]...

    Aimee J Silla. Effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and arginine-vasotoci...

    • ...An alternative approach is the use of synthetic hormones, in particular, commercially available analogues of luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) [8,17-19]...
    • ...The benefit of conducting IVF using testes macerates is that sperm can be obtained in high concentrations, and can also be acquired at the exact moment when females begin ovulating, eliminating the need for sperm storage [19]...
    • ...This extreme variance in IVF success, which is probably related to species-specific differences in reproductive mode and physiology, suggests that protocols for combining hormonally induced gametes are not readily transferable between species [19]...
    • ...Even though we used concentrations approximating those found to be effective in a broad range of frog species [18,19], LHRHa may lack potency in P. corroboree...

    Phillip G Byrne, et al. Hormonal induction of gamete release, and in-vitro fertilisation, in t...

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