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...do not understandthe process of default reasoning. anumber of examples are given which serveto distinguish different default reasoning systems.it is shown that...we run foul of thelottery paradox. none of the current populardefault reasoning systems work on all of theexamples. it is argued that the lottery paradoxdoes arise in... ...
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...one application of plausibility measures: default reasoning. in recent years, a number of different semantics for defaults have been pro- posed, such...is almost always met whenever the axioms are sound. in par- ticular, it is easily seen to hold for all the proposals made in the literature. finally, we show that...
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...a probabilistic analysis of plausible reasoning about defaults and about likelihood. “likely” and “by default” are in fact treated as duals in the same sense as “possibility” and...logic shows how to track the propagation error inherent in these reasoning forms. the methodology and sound framework of the system highlights their approximate nature...
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...possi- ble semantics. to study the problem in a coherent way, we use plausibility structures. these provide us with a general framework in...these standard approaches are all the same at the propositional level, they are signifi- cantly different in the context of a first-order...
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...laid bare. a solution to the lottery paradox, which is considered as a major impediment to the use of non-monotonic inference is proposed using a special kind of probabilities...proposes another way of approaching the theory of belief change after the works of gärdenfors and colleagues. our view considers the acceptance relation as a primitive...
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...are two common and distinct uses of probabilities: probabilities used as degrees of belief and probabilities used as statistical measures. probabilities used as statistical measures can represent various assertions about the objective statistical state of the world, while proba- bilities used as degrees of belief can...
Published in 1991.
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...hypothesis and that consideration of the possible consequences of the evidence for the alternative weakens the rarity effect in confidence ratings. paradoxically, although rarity effects in evidence selection and confidence ratings are in the spirit of bayesian reasoning, the effect on confidence ratings appears to rely on participants thinking less about the alternative hypothesis....
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...we investigate under what conditions contrary-to-duty (ctd...to a series of examples. the concluding section is concerned with some resemblances between ctd and defeasible reasoning. we show rst that the sdl-based framework contains a...
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...defeasibility can be encoded in the logic by defining different ways in which independence assumptions are derived from the explicit manner of presentation. we also show how our approach can be used to give a new analysis of several notorious paradoxes of deontic logic....